• 古代城邑景观体系营建探析——以古青州城为例

  The Construction of Ancient City Landscape System: A Case Study of Ancient Qingzhou City

  2019.01.23

  王越,林箐.风景园林,2019(01)
  
  在快速城镇化发展的背景下，古城保护与历史文脉传承成为研究的热点。为研究古代城邑景观体系的营建智慧，本文从风景园林视角出发，以古青州为例，通过地方志的整理、舆图改绘及 ArcGIS 软件辅助研究的方法，从古青州城历史沿革研究入手，将景观体系构成要素分为自然山水、人工体系及意象空间 3 类，并从度地、营城、理水、塑景、成境5个方面分别探讨古青州城景观体系的营建理法，得出多因影响下的城池择址，山—水—城一体的城池营建，以防洪和满足城邑生产生活为目的的水系梳理，以园林、风景名胜为依托的景观塑造以及以“八景”为核心的意境营造5个方面营建智慧。系统地梳理了古青州城景观体系的构成与特征，以期为中国其他古城历史文脉及地域特征的传承提供一定参考。
  In the context of rapid urbanization, the protection of ancient towns and the inheritance of historical heritage have become a focus of research. To study the construction wisdom of the ancient town landscape systems, this paper has cited the ancient Qingzhou as an example, studying the historical evolution of ancient Qingzhou in the first place, then dividing the landscape system elements into natural landscape, artificial system and image space element, and finally exploring the construction method of ancient Qingzhou landscape system in the five aspects of site selection, town construction, water system combination, landscape conformation, and artistic conception perception. By sorting out the local chronicles, selecting and re-painting the old maps, and applying the ArcGIS software-assisted research method, it proceeds from the perspective of landscape architecture, summing up the five aspects of construction wisdom of the landscape system of ancient Qingzhou, which are feature site selection under the influence of multiple factors, town construction integrating mountain-city-water system as a whole, water system construction meeting the needs of flood prevention, production and living, landscape construction on the basis of gardens and tourist attractions, and the construction of artistic conception with the “Eight Views” as the core. It has systematically sorted out the composition and characteristics of the landscape system of Qingzhou, to provide references for the inheritance of the historical heritage and geographical features in other cities of China.
• 传统城市水适应性空间格局研究——以济南为例

  Water Adaptive Spatial Structure of Traditional Urban Areas —Case Study of Jinan

  2018.09.12

  王越,林箐.风景园林,2018(09)
  
  为研究古人在长期适应与改造自然过程中积累的水资源利用及水患治理的经验，选取泉城济南为例，通过古籍、舆图的收集及实地踏查的研究方法，基于区域尺度、城市尺度和城—水相互作用的不同层面，从区域水网格局约束、防洪需求、用水需求 3 个方面，探讨水环境影响下城市的起源与格局演变，以及基于不同需求的宏观尺度城乡水适应性空间格局特征。进而总结水适应性空间格局营建的生态智慧，分别是顺应自然与利用自然、水利设施层层叠加与协调运作、自然—人工水系网络的内外贯通、依水营建特色居住空间 4 方面，从而对济南古城水环境及水工设施保护、城市水环境规划提供一定参考。
  To study the experience of the ancients in the utilization of water resources and flood control accumulated in the long process of adaption to and transformation of nature, we cited Jinan as an example, collected local chronicles and city maps of different dynasties and made field investigations, to explore the origin and pattern evolution of the city under the influence of water environment, and the spatial pattern characteristics of water adaptability in urban and rural areas in a macro scale. This is done on the basis of different requirements from the three aspects of regional water network constraints, flood control demands and water utilization demands, at the regional and city scales and the level of city and water interaction. Then we sum up the ecological wisdom of the ancients in the construction of the spatial pattern of water adaptability, which were conforming to nature and utilizing nature, stacked and coordinated operation of the water conservancy facilities, internal and external connection of the natural—artificial water system network, and constructing unique living space by the water. They may provide some references for the protection of the water environment and hydraulic facilities, the urban water environment planning in the ancient city of Jinan.
  
• 国土景观视野下的中国传统山—水—田—城体系

  Traditional Chinese Mountain-water-field-city System from the Perspective of Territorial Landscape

  2018.09.08

  王向荣,林箐.风景园林,2018(09)
  
  几千年来，中国人不断开发农业以满足生存需要。为适应农业、定居和交通发展的需求，人们针对不同地区的地理环境和自然特征修筑各种水利设施，形成了由天然水体与人工水系相结合的覆盖国土的水的网络。人们在区域的自然山水与人工农田水利系统中择址建设城市，并对城市内外已形成的大地肌理进行改造和点缀，实现山水环境的风景化。这种独特的土地整理和土地利用方式造就了人工与自然融合的中国传统国土景观，并形成了山、水、田、城一体的景观系统。今天，我们需要从新的视角去认识历史，汲取古代经验，保护国土上遗留下来的古代水利、农业、村落和城市遗产，并寻求与古代经验兼容并蓄的新的山水人居建设方式。
  For thousands of years, the Chinese have been developing agriculture to survive. To meet the developmental needs of agriculture, human settlement and transportation, they have built various water conservancies according to specific geographical environment and natural character of different regions, and formed a nationwide-covering water network by combining natural water system with artificial water system. Cities were built in proper site within the regional natural landscape and the artificial system of farmland and water conservancy. The land texture inside and outside the city were gradually transformed and embellished, and the landscape environment turned into scenic areas. This unique way of land arrangement and utilization has led to the traditional landscape of China including both artificial and natural elements, and formed the landscape system integrating mountain, water, field and city. Today, we urgently need to comprehend the history from a new perspective, learn from the ancient experiences, protect the ancient water conservancies, villages, agricultural and urban heritages left over on our land, and seek new ways of landscape construction compatible with ancient experiences.
• 上海城乡绿地网络规划建设的历史进程与驱动力研究

  Research on Historical Process and Driving Forces of Urban and Rural Green Space Network Planning and Construction in Shanghai

  2018.07.13

  王越,林箐.风景园林,2018(07)
  
  为研究中国先进的城乡绿地规划理念与建设成果，选取上海为研究对象，以城市建设背景变化及绿地格局重大变革为转折，将城乡绿地网络建设划分为6个阶段，通过历史地图、统计资料的收集及田野调查，重点梳理绿地网络规划建设历史进程并对比6个阶段绿地建设的时代背景、规划编制、规划布局及建设成果，进而从经济支持、政策引导和事件推动3方面探讨绿地建设主要驱动力。由此总结上海城乡绿地网络主要特征及控制、连接、拓展、更新和融合五大整合策略，为其他城市绿地建设提供理论依据。
  To study the advanced concept of urban and rural green space planning and construction achievements of China, Shanghai was taken as the object of research. The urban and rural green space network construction was divided into six stages based on changes in urban construction background and major changes in the pattern of green space under the research methods of collecting related data and making field investigation, and the historical process of planning and construction of green space network was combined as a priority. Then construction background, green space planning preparation, planning layout and green space construction pattern of six stages were compared. The driving forces of green space construction were explored from the aspects of economic support, policy guidance and event promotion. Finally, the main features of urban and rural green space network and five strategies of green space integration were summarized, which were control, connection, expansion, updating and merging, in order to provide theoretical basis for other cities.
• 乡村景观特征的保护与更新

  Rural Landscape Characteristic Conservation and Renewal

  2018.05.09

  袁敬,林箐.风景园林,2018(05)
  
  乡村景观特征主要表现为乡村景观要素的形态与空间特点，以及它们之间的相互关系。乡村景观特征的保护与更新是乡村景观可持续发展的关键。本文探讨了乡村景观规划建设中乡村景观特征的保护与更新，包括内容、范畴以及具体措施和技术要点，以期对我国乡村景观的可持续发展以及乡村规划体系建设有所启示。
  The rural landscapes characteristics are mainly characterized by form and spatial features of landscape elements and their interrelationships. Landscape characteristic conservation and renewal are the key to the sustainable development of rural landscapes. This article discusses the methods of rural landscape characteristic conservation and renewal in landscape planning and construction, including content, category, specific measures and technical essential, in order to provide enlightenment for the sustainable development of China's rural landscape and rural planning system.
• 演化的风景:自下而上创造呼伦贝尔弹性游牧景观

  Landscape in Evolution: Creating a Resilient Nomadic Landscape from bottom up in Hulubuir

  2018.03.22

  刘京一,张梦晗,林箐.中国园林,2018(03)
  
  当代科学揭示了复杂事物的形成和运作遵循自下而上的演化机制。20世纪以来，很多不同领域的学者将这一原理运用于城市和景观规划的研究，但相关理论在实践中仍较少有运用。介绍了一个位于呼伦贝尔的概念性规划竞赛方案，试图在现有理论的基础上探索自下而上方法在景观规划中的运用。规划首先对区域最底层的土地利用方式进行调查，充分了解当地自然环境与人类活动之间的广泛联系和冲突；在场地分析中采用了一种包容影响因素多样性和动态性的方式，兼顾客观性与启发性，从而提出合乎实际规划目标；最后，规划从微观尺度开始改善不同土地利用之间的流动与连接，自下而上地逐步形成具有适应性、复杂性和可持续性的区域景观。
  It has been revealed that the formation and operation of complex objects complies with a bottom-up evolutionary mechanism by contemporary science. Since the 20th century, scholars from different fields have applied the principle to the research of urban and landscape planning, but seldom to practice. Through a conceptual competition plan located in Hulunbuir, this paper tries to explore the application of bottom-up approaches in landscape planning based on current theoretical researches. In the planning process, the authors conducted a thorough survey on the land uses at the bottom in the region, learning the local natural environment and human activities as well as their connections and contradictions; in the site analysis, the authors adapted an analytical model which embraces diversity and dynamics of the factors, balancing objectivity and heuristics, so that a more realistic objective could beconceived; and finally, the planning started with improving the flows and connections between different land uses from the micro scale, structuring an adaptive, complex and sustainable regional landscape from bottom up.