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城乡绿地空间破碎化格局研究与启示——以北京市海淀区为例
Ｒesearch on Urban and Ｒural Greenspace Fragmentation and Its Enlightenment : A Case Study of Haidian District，Beijing
2018.02.27王越,林箐.中国城市林业,2018(02)
文章以海淀区城乡绿地为研究对象，解译卫星影像提取城乡绿地类型数据，并将附属绿地纳入研究范畴。采用景观格局指数和城市中心辐射缓冲区的梯度分析方法，从城乡绿地分类及不同城市空间绿地景观破碎度2个层面进行城乡绿地景观破碎化分析。从绿地斑块规模、形状及景观异质性3个角度分析绿地类型的破碎度特征，通过设置辐射缓冲带的梯度分析法得出绿地破碎度的梯度变化规律。对比分析中心城区、城市边缘区、郊区绿地的破碎化表现及成因，并针对不同城市化地区提出对应的整合策略，为城乡绿地的合理利用与发展提供一定参考。
This study interpreted the satellite images and extracted the data on urban and rural greenspace type of Haidian District，and included the accessory greenspace into the scope of the study. By using landscape pattern indices and radiation buffer gradient analysis of central city area，the urban and rural greenspace landscape fragmentation was analyzed on both levels of urban and rural greenspace classification and the fragmentation of green space landscapes in different urban spaces. The fragmentation characteristics of different greenspace types were also analyzed in terms of patch size，shape and landscape heterogeneity，and the greenspace fragmentation gradient change rule was concluded by setting the radiation buffer gradient. In the end，the causes of greenspace fragmentation in central city area，urban fringe and suburban areas were compared and analyzed，and the corresponding integrated strategy was put forward，in order to provide certain references for the rational utilization and development of urban and rural green space. -
里下河平原低洼地区垛田乡土景观体系探究——以江苏省兴化市为例
2018.02.21胡玫,林箐.北京规划建设,2018(02)
乡土景观，是人类适应并改造自然而形成的文化景观，体现了一定区域内人居空 间及自然系统的长期动态发展关系。本文以江苏省兴化市垛田乡土景观为研究对象，从风景园林学科的视角出发，通过对历史文献资料、地方志的梳理，归纳里下河平原水文地理环境的演变以及高墩式土地利用方式的形成过程；并从水利系统、农田景观、聚落景观三个方面深刻理解垛田乡土景观系统的空间格局特征。探讨古人如何以人工干预自然的方式，创造出适宜的人居环境，以期为当地乡土景观的保护、利用和传承提供理论依据。
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德国巴伐利亚州农村综合规划的方法与启示
Methods and Enlightenment of Rural Comprehensive Planning in Bavaria, Germany
2018.02.21王长悦,林箐.北京规划建设,2018(02)
德国巴伐利亚州农村综合规划始于20世纪60年代，目前已取得了诸多进展。农村综合规划以《土地整理法》等为法律基础，形成了区域规划协会、目的事业公法人、社区协会的多层级行政管理体系，并由公众参与规划方案的制定、审核及实施，最终保证规划方案完整落实。规划的具体内容包括土地结构整理、自然环境保护、基础设施建设和产业结构调整等。本文通过研究巴伐利亚州韦亚恩的案例，总结德国农村综合规划的经验，以期为我国乡村的发展提供借鉴。
Since the 1960s, Bavaria German began a comprehensive rural development, and has made a lot of progress. The rural comprehensive planning，which is based on "Land Consolidation Law" and other legal basis，has formed a multi-level administrative system of regional planning associations, public corporations for purpose and community associations. Public participation in the planning program formulation, review and implementation, and ultimately ensure that the planning program can be fully realized.The development of planning including land consolidation, protection of the natural environment, the construction of infrastructure，and supervised by the management department and eventually implemented by the public. This paper studies the case of Weyen in Bavaria and summarizes the experience of German rural planning, with a view to the planning and development of China's rural areas. -
生态思想的发展演变及其对风景园林的影响
The Development of the Ecological Ideologies and Their Influences on Landscape Architecture
2018.01.24刘京一,林箐,李娜亭.风景园林,2018(01)
19世纪中叶—20世纪60年代，生态学将生物和环境视为一个整体，一些风景园林理论和实践蕴含了这一思想；20世纪60—70年代，一些学者将生态学的“平衡态范式”引入风景园林学科，形成以自然优先和科学实证为特征的生态决定论思想；20世纪80—90年代，生态学发生以复杂性为特征的范式转变，规划设计开始以景观生态学理论为基础，重视景观动态格局以及科学与艺术的结合；20世纪末出现了将生态作为复杂系统的隐喻的趋势，生态都市主义思想和实践应运而生。今天风景园林中的生态思想是多层次的，并综合体现在实践之中。
From the mid-19th century to the 1960s, ecology had viewed organism and the environment as a whole, which had been implicated in some theories and practice of landscape architecture; in the 1960s-1970s, some scholars introduced the “equilibrium paradigm” of ecology into landscape architecture, and “ecological determinism” featuring nature first and scientific positivism had been formed; in the 1980-1990s, ecology had experienced a paradigm shift toward complexity, planning and design based on landscape ecology began to emphasize dynamic landscape configurations and the integration of science and art; since the late 20th century, there has been a trend viewing “ecology” as a metaphor for complex systems, giving rise to the theory and practice of ecological urbanism. Today, the ecological ideologies in landscape architecture have different levels, and they are also embodied comprehensively in practice. -
缝合城市——促进城市空间重塑的交通基础设施更新
To Ristitch the City, the Transport Infrastructure Renewal Aimed at Recasting the Urban Spaces
2017.10.20林箐.风景园林,2017(10)
快速交通设施是现代大都市重要的基础设施。但在带来交通便利的同时，它们也破坏了城市景观和尺度，割裂了城市，造成城市空间和功能的破碎化，带来大量的环境、经济和社会问题。20世纪70年代以来，许多城市进行了大量研究和实践，试图通过交通基础设施的更新消除或者减轻快速交通设施对城市功能、城市生态和城市空间的分割。这些经验对于以北京为代表的中国大城市具有积极的借鉴意义。
Rapid transit facilities are important infrastructure of modern metropolis. While bringing convenient transportation, they destroyed the city landscape and the urban scale, tore apart the city, fragmented the urban space and urban function, brought about a lot of environmental, economic and social problems. Since the 1970s, a lot of researches and practices have been conducted in many cities, which tried to eliminate or reduce the division of urban space, functions and ecology system caused by rapid transit facilities through the renewal of transport infrastructure. These experiences have reference significance to Chinese cities represented by Beijing.
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基于MSPA的城市绿地生态网络规划思路的转变与规划方法探究
The Transformation of Planning Ideas and the Exploration of Planning Methods of Urban Green Space Ecological Network Based on MSPA
2017.05.11王越,林箐.中国园林,2017(05)
从绿地生态网络的研究现状入手，梳理近年来生态源地识别，生态网络构建、评价及优化的常用方法，发现现状生态网络规划方法存在源地提取主观性较强、忽略结构性景观要素、连通性的分析方法存在局限性、阻力面构建依据不够科学等问题。而基于形态空间格局分析(MSPA)和最小路径法的生态网络构建框架综合了现有结构性景观要素识别、连通性分析以及潜在廊道网络构建等方法，以连通性水平作为网络构建的主要依据，为景观格局分析、生态源地的识别与结构性廊道的提取、斑块廊道重要性的定量分析及阻力面构建等方面存在的问题提供了科学的解决方法。在此基础上提出基于MSPA的生态规划的研究方向，包括MSPA对于尺度敏感性问题的研究、边缘宽度值的设定对于不同物种生态规划的意义、基于MSPA和连通性分析的景观格局时空变化特征评估及基于MSPA的生态网络规划对于不同绿地类型生态建设的差异性指导及可操作性探讨，为基于MSPA的生态网络规划的完善和发展提供新思路。
This article starts with recent research on ecological network, summarizing ways to identify ecological sources, establish ecological network, evaluate and optimize ecological network in recent years, realizing that the status quo of ecological network planning has the problem of strong subjectivity in extracting the ecological sources, ignorance of structural landscape elements, limitations existed in landscape connectivity analysis and the establishment of surface resistance based on unscientific basis. The ecological network planning based on MSPA and minimum path is a combination of the methods of identifying the structural landscape elements, connectivity analysis and potential corridor network building, taking the level of connectivity as the main basis, and providing scientific solutions to problems on landscape pattern analysis, identification of ecological source, extraction of structural corridor, the analysis of importance level of plaques and corridors and the construction of resistance surface. This article puts forward the research direction of ecological network planning based on MSPA, including the study of MSPA sensitivity for scale issue, significance of edge width setting to ecological network planning of different species, spatial-temporal changes of landscape structure pattern based on MSPA and connectivity analysis, guidance for ecological construction and operability study of different kinds of greenspace ecological network planning based on MSPA, in order to provide new ideas for consummating and improving ecological network construction based on MSPA in the future.